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Stem Cells: The Fountain of Youth

This article discusses the following cell, adult stem cells can only reproduce
topics in question format on stem cells: cells of their type. If they are muscle
What are stem cells? cells, they can be used to reproduce only
How are stem cells obtained? muscle cells. However, recent work has
What other potential stem cell sources indicated that some adult stem cells may
are there? be able to differentiate into other cell
Why are we and special groups interested types.
in stem cells? Why are we and special groups interested
What are the goals of stem cell research? in stem cells?
How will stem cells affect our future? Because stem cells can differentiate,
If you are deeply interested in stem that is, can be used to reproduce other
cells for the first time and want to go cell types, they have tremendous
beyond this article, go to the National potential for solving many human health
Institute site and read their very problems.
comprehensive list of frequently answered Some groups do not want scientist to take
questions (FAQs). The URL is human embryos for research in any way
If you are deeply interested in stem cell whatsoever. Because of this, President
research, go to: Bush restricted stem cell research to
What are stem cells? existing stem cell sources. Other
The question should be phrased in terms governments have stayed out of the
of embryonic stem cells because that is research arena and stem cells are
what we are talking about here. collected at the whims of the scientist.
A human embryo is obtained when a woman's Scientists argue that excess stem cells
egg is fertilized by a man's sperm. This are produced in fertility clinics and
occurs in the human body but it can also that they should be used to benefit
be done in a laboratory. The procedure is mankind.
often used in cases of infertility. So, what do you think?
I have three grandchildren formed in this What are the goals of stem cell research?
way. Their mother donated eggs, their First, scientists want to understand
father donated sperm, and the technicians differentiation. We all know that the
watched the fertilization take place human embryo creates all the cell types
under a microscope. The fertilized eggs in the human body. Scientists want to
were placed in the mother and she gave know how and when genes turn on and off
birth to triplets. to create a particular cell type.
If embryos formed in this way are not Abnormal cell divisions cause birth
placed in the mother they can be and are defects and cancer. Scientists want to
used for medical research. Often extra know what signals a change in the process
fertilized eggs are produced during this of cell development. This could lead to
process. Scientist would like to harvest cures for cancer and birth defects.
these extra eggs rather than discard Stem cells could be used to test new
them. They could then use them to obtain drugs rather than human guinea pigs and
stem cells. animals. Damage to the stem cells would
Stem cells are never obtained from eliminate the drug before it could do
fertilized eggs that reside in a woman's damage in the market place, as so many
body. drugs do now.
The embryos obtained after they are a few I would like to quote directly at this
days old are in the form of a mass of point: Perhaps the most important
cells called a blastocyst; the embryo of potential application of human stem cells
about 150 cells. The blastocyst consists is the generation of cells and tissues
of a sphere made up of an outer layer of that could be used for Cell-based
cells (the trophectoderm), a fluid-filled therapies-treatment in which stem cells
cavity (the blastocoel), and a cluster of are induced to differentiate into the
cells on the interior (the inner cell specific cell type required to repair
mass). damaged or depleted adult cell
How are stem cells obtained? populations or tissues.
Cell cultures are grown in the laboratory Today, donated organs and tissues are
by transferring the inner cell mass of often used to replace ailing or destroyed
about 30 cells into a culture dish which tissue, but the need for transplantable
has a nutrient broth. The cells quickly tissues and organs far outweighs the
multiply and fill the dish. They are then available supply. Stem cells, directed to
transferred to other culture dishes and differentiate into specific cell types,
the process goes on for months. offer the possibility of a renewable
Once the cells are obtained they can be source of replacement cells and tissues
frozen and shipped to other laboratories. to treat diseases including Parkinson's
What other potential stem cell sources and Alzheimer's diseases, spinal cord
are there? injury, stroke, burns, heart disease,
Adult stem cells are a potential source. diabetes, osteoarthritis, and rheumatoid
They can be used to reproduce cell of arthritis.
their type. That is, while embryonic stem How will stem cells affect our future?
cells can differentiate into any type of Have you heard of the Fountain of Youth?




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